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Thursday, May 9, 2013

Inside Higher Ed Insider Update May 2013


 

 

   May 2013
Welcome to your May 2013 Insider Update -- the newsletter for readers of Inside Higher Ed. Once a month we send a quick rundown on what's happening at Inside Higher Ed: events, accomplishments and a bit of fun.
 
IN CASE YOU MISSED IT
 
April's best-read article was Paul Fain's in-depth reporting on two new competency-based education programs that up the ante for a potential disruption to higher education. Ry Rivard's article about renewed criticism of anti-plagiarism software from the Conference on College Composition and Communication drew the most comments of any story on the site last month. According to the CCCC resolution, "plagiarism detection services can compromise academic integrity by potentially undermining students' agency as writers, treating all students as always already plagiarists, creating a hostile learning environment, shifting the responsibility of identifying and interpreting source misuse from teachers to technology, and compelling students to agree to licensing agreements that threaten their privacy and rights to their own intellectual property." Whew! Lots of comments for Scott Jaschik's coverage of a video that went viral on conservative websites last month -- the Fox headline: "USC Political Science Professor Tells Students Republicans Are ‘Stupid and Racist.' " The article notes some context that was missing elsewhere. (For more on professorial politics, check out our Book with Buzz below.)
We've just published the May edition of our cartoon caption contest. Click here to add your suggestions for this month's cartoon, and cast a vote for our last contest.
BOOK WITH BUZZ -- Author Neil Gross discusses analysis that may frustrate some on the left and on the right in his new book Why Are Professors Liberal and Why Do Conservatives Care? Click here to read the article (as well as all Inside Higher Ed's books coverage).
 
INSIDE HIGHER ED NEWS
Inside Higher Ed's Serena Golden at last month's annual meeting of the American Association of Community Colleges in San Francisco.
NEW ON THE SITE -- Click here to download a copy of  “The MOOC Moment” -- our booklet of forward-looking articles and essays about MOOCs, with enthusiasts and skeptics alike examining curricular and financial issues. You can also sign up to join editors Scott Jaschik and Doug Lederman as they review the history, frame the context, and look to the future of MOOCs in a free webinar on Thursday, May 30, at 2 p.m. Eastern. The MOOC Moment booklet and webinar are made possible in part by the generous financial support of Academic Partnerships.
OUT AND ABOUT --  Scott Jaschik, Paul Fain and Ry Rivard started May in Palo Alto, Calif., for a meeting of the Education Writers Association.
Scott will be in Chicago May 13 for a British Council event to speak to visiting university leaders from Britain.  May 14-16 Scott travels to San Diego where he will be giving a talk and moderating a session at "Learning Impact 2013: An Insider's View of Technology Impact Across K-20 Education."
Kathlene Collins will be in Austin, TX, May 15-17 for the annual PeopleAdmin client conference.
Scott will be moderating a discussion on the future of higher education at the annual conference of the New America Foundation in Washington, DC, on May 18.
Sharon Salang and Rick Plotkin visit Columbus, OH, May 19-21 for the Midwestern Region conference of the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources (CUPA-HR).
Doug Lederman will moderate a panel at a meeting on the role of technology in higher education at Princeton University on May 22.
SERVICE NOTE -- Inside Higher Ed's offices will be closed on Monday, May 27 in honor of Memorial Day. There will be no Daily News Update e-mail published that day.
RECENT VISITORS -- Spring failed to arrive in DC last month, but lots of interesting higher ed folks brightened the Inside Higher Ed offices. Visitors included Bentley University, AASCU, Pearson, University of Southern Mississippi, APLU, ACCT, Quality Matters, PRSA, and Regent University. We're always happy to host higher education leaders in our D.C. offices. Contact Scott at scott.jaschik@insidehighered.com or Doug at doug.lederman@insidehighered.com to plan a visit.
INTERACTIVE
Education Abroad -- Best Practices in Health and Safety
An Inside Higher Ed Webinar
May 23, 2 p.m. Eastern
Inside Higher Ed presents Education Abroad: Best Practices in Health and Safety, a webinar with Stacey R. Bolton Tsantir, the chair of the Health and Safety Subcommittee of NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Stacey will provide a broad overview of best practices for colleges, including those based on the Interassociational Good Practices and the Forum on Education Abroad Standards. The webinar will feature the kinds of questions colleges need to ask to develop good policies so they can continue to encourage study abroad.
The webinar costs $199 and will consist of a 30-minute presentation and a 30-minute question period. There is no conference call required for this event -- the entire presentation, including audio, is delivered via the web. You may gather as many colleagues as you like to view the webinar via one monitor, but only one login per registration will be allowed. This event will be captioned for the deaf and hard of hearing by SpeechText Access.
 
The MOOC Moment
A free webinar from Inside Higher Ed
May 30, 2 p.m. Eastern
Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have become the talk of academe, with many colleges and universities debating whether they should start them or join one of the consortiums offering the courses. A recent Gallup survey of college and university presidents found that these leaders view MOOCs with skepticism. Faculty responses range from fear for their jobs, to cynicism, to enthusiasm, to inspiration. Join Inside Higher Ed editors Scott Jaschik and Doug Lederman as they review the history, frame the context, and look to the future of MOOCs in this free webinar.
Read up before the webinar -- click here to download a free copy of  “The MOOC Moment,” our booklet of forward-looking articles and essays about MOOCs, with enthusiasts and skeptics alike examining curricular and financial issues.

"The MOOC Moment" booklet (and webinar) is made possible in part by the generous financial support of Academic Partnerships. Your registration information will be shared with the company.
 
Just Flip It -- From the Front Lines of the Flipped Classroom
A free webinar from Sonic Foundry
May 21, 12 p.m. Eastern
Clemson University Professor Ralph Welsh introduced flipped instruction to his classes three years ago, redesigning and refining his courses over time, and putting the onus on the student to come to class already having watched the lectures and ready to engage in conversation.  
During that time he’s met and overcome challenges and reset his teaching style to rave reviews from students. Join Ralph as he presents a how-to guide for introducing flipped instruction, and shares lessons learned along the way including:
  • How to set and manage student expectations
  • His process of taking in feedback, evaluating it and re-introducing new methods into the classroom
  • Tips on how to educate your colleagues on your new workload and get your department on board with what you’re doing
Just Flip It -- From the Front Lines of the Flipped Classroom is presented by Sonic Foundry and is not an editorial offering of Inside Higher Ed.
FROM THE PUBLISHER
Inside Higher Ed reaches nearly 1.2 million readers each month. Our readers are not just job hunters - they're the diverse, talented professionals you most want to hire. And right now, Inside Higher Ed lets you make an early start on your fall hiring without breaking the bank.

Purchase an unlimited online recruiting package for the 2014 budget year and post jobs in May and June for free.

Here’s how it works:
  • Purchase a 12-month unlimited recruiting plan to start July 1, 2013.
  • You won’t be invoiced until July, after the start of the fiscal year.
  • We’ll start your posting plan immediately – you’ll be able to post all through May and June at no charge.
  • Your unlimited plan will renew in July 2014.
This offer can’t be combined with other discounts and is available to new clients only.

And remember, unlike ads on most job boards, job postings on Inside Higher Ed now fulfill advertising requirements under 20 CFR 656.18, Optional Special Recruitment and Documentation Procedures for College and University Teachers.
Give us a call at 202-659-9208 or e-mail recruit@insidehighered.com for details.
BE AN INSIDER
Follow us on Twitter -- more than 57,000 of your colleagues already do! We'll tweet some of our most popular stories each day and give you a few insider notes as well.
For the latest technology news and opinion from Inside Higher Ed, follow @IHEtech on Twitter.
For new developments and background about college admissions, follow @IHEadmissions on Twitter.
For the latest coverage on books and the scholarly publishing industry, follow @IHEpublishing on Twitter.
To stay on top of what’s happening in international higher ed, follow @IHEglobal on Twitter.
NEW! Follow Inside Higher Ed's coverage of the humanities at @IHEHumanities on Twitter.
Join the nearly 20,000 members of our LinkedIn group -- discussions with other readers, calls for ideas and other notes you won't find anywhere else.
Become a Facebook fan and show your support.
Check out our iPhone and Android apps.

     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
© Copyright 2013 Inside Higher Ed
Inside Higher Ed • 1015 18th Street NW, Suite 1100 • Washington, DC 20036

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The Online Learning Curve: Best Practices in Online Higher Education


To view an online version of this email, click here.

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Graduation Begins Today--Online

Adapting strategies from the traditional model of higher education can increase student retention and student success, ultimately boosting graduation rates.  
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Frequently, students who enroll in online programs underestimate the time and effort needed to succeed. When those students hit a road bump, such as a change in job or family circumstance, they will drop out of their online education program. Learn how Saint Leo University adapted strategies from traditional models of education to help online students succeed in the new blog post from The Online Learning Curve.
Dr. Arthur F. Kirk, Jr., president of Saint Leo University, shares how the school promoted student success by adapting methods from traditional education models, including degree progress check-ups, an early-alert process to identify at-risk students and a robust academic advising process. To read the entire post, click here.

The Online Learning Curve is a blog dedicated to sharing information and best practices about online higher education in an open forum, from a variety of voices. To subscribe to the blog, click here. 
To hear Dr. Kirk speak in person, join us for our online education conference, Connect 2013, on June 26-27 in Louisville, Ky.
Learning House
LearningHouse.com | (502) 589-9878
427 South Fourth Street, Suite 300
Louisville, KY 40202

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Wednesday, May 8, 2013

2013 POD Travel Fellowship Program (May 24 Deadline)



http://www.slideshare.net/ccharles/2013-pod-travel-fellowship-announcement-final?utm_source=ss&utm_medium=upload&utm_campaign=quick-view

Dear Colleagues,

The POD Diversity Committee enthusiastically invites proposals for the 2013 Donald H. Wulff Travel Fellowships Program.

Named to honor the memory of an early supporter of the Diversity Committee, Donald H. Wulff, the travel fellowship program awards up to $1,200 to individuals (and up to $2,400 for teams of two or more) to support their travel to the annual POD Conference. The conference this year will be held in Pittsburgh, PA at the historic Omni William Penn Hotel, November 6-10. Conference registration/membership fees are deducted from the award and the remaining amount, if any, will be presented to you in the form of a check at the conference, made out to your institution.

Eligibility Criteria:The POD Diversity Committee welcomes applications from all individuals, irrespective of the individuals' nationality and/or citizenship. However, because of the particular demographic profile of POD as an organization, the applicant must meet the criteria for eligibility (listed below) with priority preference given to:

*persons from historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups (as defined within the US context).

 * individuals from traditionally underrepresented institutions including, but not limited to, the following: 1) Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 2) Native American Tribal Colleges, 3) Hispanic Serving Institutions or Hispanic Area Colleges and Institutions, and 4) Minority Serving Institutions (or those aspiring to become MSIs).

*applicants who would join POD and contribute to its mission over the long term with particular interests related to social justice and equity, inclusion, and/or diversity (writ large) in educational development.

Application Information: Detailed information on the application process for the travel grants, including expectations of grant recipients, review criteria, and FAQs is attached and can be found on the Diversity Committee's site through the WikiPODia site for POD: https://sites.google.com/a/podnetwork.org/wikipodia/pod-committee/diversity-committee/.

Please contact Lindsay Bernhagen at bernhagen.1@osu.edu or Pamela Roy at roypame1@msu.edu if you have additional questions. 

All applications should be sent via email attachment to Lindsay Bernhagen, Coordinator - POD Diversity Committee Grants Program, at bernhagen.1@osu.edu by 5:00 p.m. EDT on or before Friday, May 24th, 2013. Due to time constraints, no late proposals will be reviewed.

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Echo360 2013 Active Learning Grants_Call for Applications is Now Open: Submit by Friday, June 28, 2013



2013 Call for Applications is Now Open: Submit by Friday, June 28, 2013


For the fifth year in a row, $10,000 (US) in grant funding will be awarded to the six proposals chosen by the judging panel. This year we have added several new categories including: 

  • Adopter's Grants - Two grants will be awarded to institutions looking to study the combined impact of Echo360 and LectureTools. 
  • LectureTools Grant - This grant will be awarded to an applicant currently using LectureTools. It is not a requirement to use an Echo360 legacy product to be considered for this grant.
  • Newcomer's Grant - This grant is designed to encourage institutions new to Echo360 to further study its impacts on teaching and learning. 
  • Active Learning Merit Grants - Two grants will go to institutions using Echo360 and/or LectureTools with the best proposals selected on merit regardless of the solution being studied. These grants are open-ended and not restricted to a category.


All instructors and staff at Echo360 and LectureTools client institutions are eligible.Share this call for submissions with your instructors and researchers.

   

Deadline for submissions: June 28, 2013 



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Tuesday, May 7, 2013

TLT Group: Thinking through How to Apply the EAT (Experience, Apply Teach) Instructional Strategy May 9 2013




Thinking through How to Apply the EAT (Experience, Apply Teach) Instructional Strategy May 9
09 May 2013 10:00 AM EDT

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Thinking through How to Apply the EAT (Experience, Apply Teach) Instructional Strategy

May 9, 2013 10:00 - 11:00 AM ET - free to all.  

Presentesr;Trey Mireles Madison College, Beth Dailey, TLT Group

 

Trey Mireles offered to help us think through how to apply the EAT (Experience, Apply Teach) Instructional Strategy in preparation for the May 24th event.  On May 24th we will be sharing our experiences.

 

In this session Trey will help Beth Dailey apply the EAT approach to a workshop she is designing. You are invited to join in the conversation and to ask Trey your own questions. Trey has also offered to field questions via e-mail, trey.mireles@gmail.com

 

    NOTE:  Login instructions for the session will be sent in the Registration Confirmation Email. Please check your Junk folder as sometimes these emails get trapped there. We will also send an additional login reminder 24 hours prior to the start of the event.



More information and online registration: Thinking through How to Apply the EAT (Experience, Apply Teach) Instructional Strategy May 9

Hope you can join us!

Sally

The TLT Group, A Non-Profit Organization    301-270-8312


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Inside Higher Ed: Trading Adjuncts & The Pulse: Teaching Lab Courses Online


 

As colleges cut hours of part-time instructors, would recommending favorites to nearby institutions be a good reward for them -- or would it simply give the institutions more power over non-tenure-track faculty?


Study finds that black and Latino students borrow more than others do to earn doctorates in STEM and social science fields.


This month's edition of the Pulse podcast features an interview with Jim Brown of Ocean County College, discussing tools that can help faculty members teach lab courses in online settings.

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Tomorrow's Professor: Back to Basics: Why Every Student and Professor Should Ride a Bicycle on a University Campus


 
Back to Basics: Why Every Student and Professor Should Ride a Bicycle on a University Campus

If you happen to visit Paris next time, try cycling across the Paris city using the bicycles offered by Velib, an initiative run by Paris Town Hall since 2007. This is a big bicycle sharing facility in the world with 20,000 bicycles at your service 24/7. You can move around the entire Paris city with bicycles available in 1800 bicycle stations at every 300 meter distance [1]. With growing vehicular congestion, rising fuel costs and choking pollution, sapiens are now increasingly drawn to the good wheels. There are many cities in the world which are bicycle friendly such as Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Copenhagen, Paris in Europe and Boulder, Chicago, Davis, Ottawa, Portland, San Francisco in North America, Beijing in Asia, Cape Town, Bogota and Perth in Australia [2].

 

London city in the United Kingdom has implemented a bicycle sharing scheme known as Barclays Cycle Hire or BCH in 2010. In 2012, BCH had about 8000 bicycles with 570 docking stations [3]. Barcelona?s new transport system, known as Bicing has more than 400 bike stations placed strategically near bus stops and metro stations [4]. Many North American cities are actively promoting increased use of bicycles as an alternative mode of transportation through large public campaigns and by investing in bicycle infrastructure and bicycle sharing programs [5]. In Munster, a German town with a population of 273,000, people use bicycles more often (37.8%) than cars (36.4%) as the main mode of transportation [6].

 

Despite the fact that the world is rediscovering the wheels without fuel, India seems to be going the other way ? the automobile style. The economic survey of Delhi (2012-2013) tells us a disturbing trend ? the number of households in Delhi owning a bicycle has come down from 37.6 % in 2001 to 30.6 % in 2011 [7]. This is either because India is advancing economically letting more people to own motorized vehicles or Indian roads are becoming notoriously the least safe places to ride any vehicle, leave alone bicycles. Safety of bicyclists is of no concern to the road planners in India anyway [8,9] and that perhaps acts as the biggest deterrent to the people to ?hit? the road on their bicycles.

 

Not hearsay ? It is scientific:

 

While you do not have to be a rocket scientist to realize that using bicycles for transport in place of fuel based vehicles has vast benefits in terms of health and environment, there are indeed systematic scientific studies to quantify such paybacks. A contemporary scrutiny in New Zealand using the data available in the urban settings shows that a mere shift of 5% of the distance travelled by vehicles to bicycling would lead to a reduction of approximately 223 million kilometers travelled by vehicles each year. This can result in a saving of about 22 million liters of fuel and therefore a reduction in the transport-related greenhouse emissions [10].

 

A number of investigations also confirm the individual and population-level health benefits of using bicycles. A recent analysis of Swedish children, conducted over a period of 6 years, has shown that those who used bicycles to commute to the school have improved their cardiorespiratory fitness more than those using passive modes of commuting including walking [11]. Bicycling has also been shown to reduce the cardiometabolic risk factors leading to a potential prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [12]. Bicycling leads to less weight gain particularly among overweight and obese women [13].

 

But where are the safe roads for bicycle riders?

 

A study of bicyclists in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area has shown that well-connected neighbourhood streets and bicycle specific infrastructure have encouraged more adults to bicycling for utilitarian purposes [14]. Safe roads are, therefore, an essential pre-requisite for popularizing bicycle usage. Changing the Indian road landscape to make them bicycle friendly is not in our hands as individual citizens. The best we could do is to create awareness and bring pressure on the policy makers to act. Like many other peaceful public campaigns or agitations, we never know how long it would take for public pressure to succeed in bringing such changes to make the Indian road bicycle friendly. We, however, cannot keep waiting eternally. But, as individuals and small communities consisting of students, staff and faculty in Universities and higher educational institutes, can we do something to bring the bicycling back into our lives?

 

If you leave out the treacherous Indian roads and highways, are there any safe roads in India where we can use bicycles for short distance transport? Luckily, the answer is yes. The best places to start such initiatives could be the campuses of Indian universities and higher educational institutes where a large population of students, staff and faculty live and commute on campus. Why not make a beginning on these campuses and showcase it as a model to emulate by the rest of the society? There are many North American universities which have successfully implemented campus bicycle sharing programs [15] and they compete with each other in promoting such programs.

 

What about accidents even on campus roads?

 

Road users in India excel in disregarding the traffic rules. Even bicycle riders need to respect the road rules! Cyclists are frequently prone to accidents, particularly if they are seen as a minority on the roads jostling for space. Most accidents involving bicyclists occur at the road intersections. However, there is now strong empirical evidence to show that the chances of a bicyclist involving in a collision with a motor vehicle are inversely proportional to the number of people bicycling on the roads ? a pattern that has been shown to be consistent across the cities and countries around the world [16]. Motorists adjust their behaviour and reduce their vehicle?s speed when they see a large number of people bicycling on the roads [17]. This is another reason why more people should be using the bicycles on their campuses.

 

Are there any Indian initiatives?

 

Unlike in the American universities, which are rated for their pro-active bicycle sharing programs by the League of American Bicyclists [15], campus bicycle initiatives are not yet popular in Indian educational institutes. An interesting initiative in Bangalore city called ?Namma Cycle? is worth to take notice of by all the educational institutes with large populations on their campuses [18]. The objective of the Namma Cycle concept is to raise public awareness about environmental friendly transport options for easy connectivity. In Kannada language, ?namma? means ours. In the place of ?my bicycle? or ?your bicycle?, the ?our bicycle? concept is expected to encourage the idea of community sharing and community ownership of bicycles. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore is the first top Indian educational institute which has adopted the Namma Cycle model with a modest beginning of 150 bicycles and four bicycle stations. IISc plans to soon scale up this experiment by a

 dding additional bicycles and bicycle stations. We need more such examples. Student-led bicycle initiatives are bound to succeed since they are in a majority on any campus.

 

We have no road space in our campus. What can we do?

 

Existing campuses may not have enough road space to create dedicated bicycle specific tracks and it is easy to brush away any suggestions for introducing bicycle initiatives claiming it is too difficult to implement. In such cases, there are other options available such as ?sharrows? or shared lane markings to provide guidance to both the bicyclist and motorist by means of signage painted on the road. Sharrows will also minimize the wrong-way of bicycling by encouraging the bicyclists to confine themselves to the shared part of the road. The sharrows are often colored, like in the Stanford University, to alert the motorists that they are expected to share the road with the bicyclists. Creation of a combination of (i) sharrows on narrow roads, (ii) contiguous bicycle specific tracks on wider roads, (iii) safe intersections or round-abouts to minimize conflicts between bicyclists and motorists, (iv) secure bicycle parking spaces to minimize thefts, (v) appropriate road safety s

 ignage and (vi) 24/7 bicycle repair stands should still be a possibility in old campuses. Remember that Amsterdam did not have a bicycle initiative before 1970?s and commuters used only motorized vehicles. However, a sustained effort by the policy makers and the commuters has now resulted in making the city a bicyclist?s paradise in the world.

 

When we build new educational campuses, the regulatory authorities should make it mandatory for the Universities to create the best bicycle infrastructure including dedicated bicycle paths and vehicle free zones where only bicycling or walking is permitted. Appropriate laws and policies should be in place to prevent any new higher educational institute from building their campus without such a commitment.

 

Proactive measures are the key:

 

The perceived opinion of others about you using a bicycle does not really affect your decision to use a bicycle. The factors that influence the use of a bicycle depend on awareness, direct trip-based benefits and safety factors [19]. To create public awareness on the usefulness of bicycle usage, electronic media and newspapers should encourage such efforts by giving a wide publicity. Bicycle manufacturers, cycling communities and administrators of the University campuses should join hands in bringing the bicycles back to the center-stage by creating bicycle friendly campus transport infrastructure.

 

Proactive support from administrators of educational institutes would play an important role in encouraging bicycling. They need to work out policies which support and sustain bicycle infrastructure, road usage planning and restrictions on motorized vehicle usage. They need to study fresh ideas, examine alternate options suitable for the specific needs of their campuses and implement them to increase the bicycle usage. Many studies have shown a close link between proactive interventions by the administrators and increased usage of bicycles [20]. The bicycle is no longer only for the poor who cannot afford to have an automobile. It is a must possession for everyone in a futuristic 21st century which will see a sizeable proportion of the world population living in congested cities.

 

What are you waiting for?

 

If you are a campus living lucky person, stash away your car keys in the cupboard or avoid using the campus bus transport and leap onto your bicycle. Ride your bicycle with the conviction that you are bettering yourself and the planet that sustains you. Get started. Do it today. There is no time to hold your fire for tomorrow.

 

REFERENCES:

 





5. J. Strauss, L. M.-Moreno, D. Crouse, M. S. Goldberg, N. A. Ross and M. Hatzopoulou, ?Investigating the link between cyclist volumes and air pollution along bicycle facilities in a dense urban core,? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol.17, pp.619-625, December 2012.

6. C. Juhra, B. Wieskotter, K. Chu, L. Trost, U. Weiss, M. Messerschmidt, A. Malczyk, M. Heckwolf and M. Raschke, ?Bicycle accidents ? Do we only see the tip of the iceberg? A prospective multi-centre study in a large German city combining medical and police data,? Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured, Vol.43, pp.2026-2034, December 2012.

7. The economic survey of Delhi (2012-2013), Chapter 12: Transport- available at http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DoIT_Planning/planning/our+services1/economic+survey+of+delhi+2012-13

8. G. Gururaj, ?Road Safety in India: A Framework for Action,? National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Publication no 83, Bangalore, 2011. http://www.nimhans.kar.nic.in/epidemiology/bisp/rsi2011.pdf

9. G. Gururaj, ?Road traffic and disabilities in India: Current scenario,? The National Medical Journal of India, Vol.21, pp.14-20, 2008.

10. G. Lindsay, A. Macmillan and A. Woodward, ?Moving urban trips from cars to bicycles: impact on health and emissions,? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Vol.35, pp.54-60, February 2011.

11. P. Chillon, F. B. Ortega, J. R. Ruiz, K. R. Evenson, I. Labayen, V. Martinez-Vizcaino, A. Hurtig-Wennlof, T. Veidebaum and M. Sjostrom, ?Bicycling to school is associated with improvements in physical fitness over a 6-year follow-up period in Swedish children,? Preventive Medicine, Vol. 55, pp.108-112, 2012.

12. L. Ostergaard, L. A. B. Borrestad, J. Tarp and L. B. Andersen, ?Bicycling to school improves the cardiometabolic risk factor profile: a randomised controlled trial,? BMJ Open, Vol.2, Article Number: e001307, 2012.

13. A. C. Lusk, R. A. Mekary, D. Feskanich and W.C. Willett, ?Bicycle Riding, Walking, and Weight Gain in Premenopausal Women,? Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol.170, pp.1050-1056, 2010.

14. J. Dill, ?Bicycling for Transportation and Health: The Role of Infrastructure,? Journal of Public Health Policy, Vol.30, pp.S95-S110, 2009.


16. P. L. Jacobsen, ?Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling,? Injury Prevention, Vol.9, pp.205-209, 2003.

17. L. Chen, C. Chen, R. Srinivasan, C. E. McKnight, R. Ewing and M. Roe, ?Evaluating the Safety Effects of Bicycle Lanes in New York City?, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 102, pp.1120-1127, 2012.


19. E. Heinen, K. Maat and B. van Wee, ?The role of attitudes toward characteristics of bicycle commuting on the choice to cycle to work over various distances,? Transportation Research Part D ? Transport and Environment, Vol.16, pp.102-109, 2011.

20. J. Pucher, J. Dill and S. Handy, ?Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review,? Preventive Medicine, Vol.50, pp.S106-S125, 2010.

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